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The particular mixture of metal halides influences the correlated color temperature and intensity (making the light more blue or red, for example). In a metal-halide lamp, the compact arc tube contains a mixture of argon or xenon, mercury, and a variety of metal halides, such as sodium iodide and scandium iodide. Like other gas-discharge lamps such as the very-similar mercury-vapor lamps, metal-halide lamps produce light by ionizing a mixture of gases in an electric arc. However LEDs have almost entirely replaced metal halide in both applications, with just a handful of purists still holding on. Metal-halide lamps are used in automobile headlights, where they are commonly generically called "xenon headlamps" due to the use of xenon gas in the bulb, to provide minimal light upon turning on before the lamp warms up, instead of the argon typically used in other halide lamps.Īnother widespread use for such lamps is in photographic lighting and stage lighting fixtures, where they are commonly generically known as MSD or HMI lamps and are generally used in 150, 250, 400, 575 and 1,200 watt ratings, especially intelligent lighting.īecause of their wide spectrum and good efficiency they were used for indoor growing applications, specifically cannabis, and were quite popular with reef aquarists who needed a high intensity light source for their corals. Metal-halide lamps are used for general lighting purposes both indoors and outdoors, such as commercial, industrial, and public spaces, parking lots, sports arenas, factories, and retail stores, as well as residential security lighting automotive and specialty applications are further fields of usage. They require a warm-up period of several minutes to reach full light output. Metal atoms produce most of the light output. They operate at a pressure between 4 and 20 atmospheres, and require special fixtures to operate safely, as well as an electrical ballast. The lamps consist of a small fused quartz or ceramic arc tube which contains the gases and the arc, enclosed inside a larger glass bulb which has a coating to filter out the ultraviolet light produced. They are used for wide area overhead lighting of commercial, industrial, and public places, such as parking lots, sports arenas, factories, and retail stores, as well as residential security lighting, automotive headlamps (Often generically known as " xenon headlights") and indoor cannabis grow operations. As one of the most efficient sources of high CRI white light, metal halides as of 2005 were the fastest growing segment of the lighting industry.
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Once the arc tube reaches its running temperature, the sodium dissociates from the iodine, adding orange and reds to the lamp's spectrum from the sodium D line as the metal ionizes.Īs a result, metal-halide lamps have high luminous efficacy of around 75–100 lumens per watt, which is about twice that of mercury vapor lights and 3 to 5 times that of incandescent lights and produce an intense white light. The most common metal halide compound used is sodium iodide. Developed in the 1960s, they are similar to mercury vapor lamps, but contain additional metal halide compounds in the quartz arc tube, which improve the efficiency and color rendition of the light. It is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) gas discharge lamp. Metal halide lamp bulb (type /O with arc tube shield) A common spectrum of metal halide lamps in North America Metal halide floodlights at a baseball field Metal halide lamps were invented by Charles Proteus Steinmetz in 1912 and are now used in almost every city in the world.Ī metal-halide lamp is an electrical lamp that produces light by an electric arc through a gaseous mixture of vaporized mercury and metal halides (compounds of metals with bromine or iodine). JSTOR ( September 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Metal-halide lamp" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.